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For citation: Liskovets A. S., Tatsienko V. P., Gogolin V. A. The effect of contact grouting on support load. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2021; 6: 5–12. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2021-6-5-12

Introduction. The paper analyzes contemporary methods of frame support design in permanent workings and reveals that contact grouting has received little attention. Contact grouting makes the tight contact between the hardened cement grout and the surrounding rock possible, whereas it is impossible when applying concrete lagging. The paper employs analytical method of arch support, grouting layer, and the surrounding rock calculation considering their softening. Analytical formulae determining support load has been obtained. The formulae take into account strain and strength characteristics of the surrounding rock, hardened cement grout, and support. Support load was calculated under various values of the grouting layer thickness and linear strain modulus and the depth of mining. The dependencies between the support load and the indicated parameters have been obtained, which makes it possible to select the cement grout composition for various mining and geological conditions.
Research objective is to determine the effect produced by grouting layer thickness and strain characteristics on arch support load value in order to check its strength in various mining and geological conditions.
Methods of research are built upon the physically based analytical methods of geomechanics to solve the problem of interaction between the support, grouting layer, and surrounding rock mass.
Results. The results of arched support load calculation are presented for various values of grouting layer thickness, its strain characteristics, and depth of mining.
Conclusions. The presence of the grouting layer in the void behind the support has a significant effect on the methods of arch support design. The developed methods take account of the fact that a layer of soft rock develops in the rock mass between the grouting layer and undisturbed rock. When the rock is being broken, its volume in this layer increases, which, in its turn, results in support load transfer growth through the grouting layer. It has been determined that the increase in the hardened cement grout strain and grouting layer thickness reduces support load.

Keywords: arch support; grouting layer; support load.

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The present-day scientific journal Minerals and Mining Engineering is open access. It adheres to the principle that open access to scientific information encourages global knowledge exchange.

• Pavel V. Amosov

Research objective is to estimate the effect of bulk explosion location and the initial height of the dust and gas cloud on open-pit natural ventilation time and the level of air contamination of the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.
Methods of research. Computer modeling of aerodynamics and gaseous component transfer in the 2D geometry is carried out with the COMSOL software. To calculate the aerodynamic characteristics, the approximation of the incompressible fluid with the standard k–ε turbulence model was carried out. Gaseous component distribution was modeled using the numerical solution to the convection-diffusion equation of contaminant transfer. Numerical experiments under the fixed initial concentration of the gaseous component and the speed of the incoming wind flow have been carried out for three locations of bulk explosions and six values of the initial height (from 70 to 420 m with a step of 70 m) of the dust
and gas cloud.
Research results and analysis. Spatial distributions of the model’s aerodynamic characteristics and contaminants gaseous component when reaching the maximum permissible concentration in the modeled area have been obtained. The estimated time of the open-pit natural ventilation and the dynamics of the open-pit upper edge air contamination dynamics down the wind have been analyzed. The complex and diversified nature of open pit ventilation for various locations of bulk explosions has been recorded. The undulating character of contaminant loss has been predicted (with different heights of peaks) conditioned by the presence of vortex formation in the open pit.
Conclusion and scope of results. For the recirculation scheme of ventilation, the situations with the bulk explosion locations shifted to the windward edge of the open pit are the longest. It has been shown that the reduction in the dust and gas cloud lift does not always ensure the reduction in the contamination level at the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.

Keywords: open pit; bulk explosion; ventilation; lift; dust and gas cloud; contamination; numerical modeling.

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