Baltieva A. A., Shamganova L. S., Abdykarimova G. B., Panzhin A. A. Existing monitoring systems and the need to update the regulatory and methodological framework to ensure the safety of open pit mining. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 92–100 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-92-100

Introduction. Steady increase in the depth of mining poses more complex problems for specialists and scientists all over the world connected with subsoil use efficiency and safety. Complex monitoring system which includes modern observation technologies, data selection and transfer, as well as emergency response and loss of life averting is a powerful tool for the mentioned tasks solution. Research aim is to define the integrate strategy of geomonitoring at opencast mining in the modern context.
Methodology. At the present time the earth’s surface displacement and deformation assessment criteria of the existing normative-methodological framework in the Republic of Kazakhstan are rather generalized and do not take into account the achievements of modern monitoring systems implemented to observe pit benches and edges deformation.
Results. The article presents the proofs of reliability of various monitoring systems and gives good examples from the worldwide practice.
Summary. By analysis results, the most reliable equipment has been determined for short term monitoring with early warning system; the scheme of developing an integrated geomonitoring system at open cast deposits has also been presented. The introduction of pit edges integrated monitoring strategy will significantly improve the safety of mining, prevent emergency connected with geomechanical processes, will make it possible to collect data on deformations. This solution will significantly reduce geomechanical risks and allow to continue ore excavation in complex conditions in a safe and economical way.

Key words: pit; types of monitoring; safety of mining; optical-electronic, laser-ranging, satellite navigation/remote sensing, photogrammetric, radar and georadar technologies; deformations.

REFERENCES

1. Mukhametkaliev B. S., Kaliuzhnyi E. S., Siedina S. A., Abdibekov N. K. Geomechanical stabilization of pit edges when increasing the depth of mining. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2018; 4: 27–32. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17580 / gzh.2018.04
2. Siedina S. A. Geomechanical stabilization of pit edges when increasing the depth of mining: PhD dissertation. Almaty; 2019. (In Russ.)
3. Nesmashnyi E. A., Tkachenko G. I., Bolotnikov A. V. Review of technologies and hardware for pit edges and dumps state geomechanical monitoring. Razrabotka rudnykh mestorozhdenii = Ore Mining. 2010; 93: 1–5. (In Russ.)
4. Kuzmenko S. V., Shamganova L. S., Akhmedov D. Sh., Baltieva A. A. Data navigational support of mining at the open pits of Sokolov-Sarbai mining production association. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2018; 5: 72–77. (In Russ.)
5. José C. Mura, Waldir R. Paradella, Fabio F. Gama, Athos R. Santos, Mauricio Galo, Paulo O. Camargo, Arnaldo Q. Silva, Guilherme G. Silva (2014). Monitoring of surface deformation in open pit mine using DInSAR time-series: a case study in the N5W iron mine (Carajás, Brazil) using TerraSAR-X data. Proc. SPIE 9243, SAR Image Analysis, Modeling, and Techniques XIV, 924311 (21 October 2014).
6. Galperin A. M. Geomechanics of opencast mining. Moscow: MSMU Publishing; 2003. (In Russ.)
7. Erol S., Erol B., Ayan T. (2004). A general review of the deformation monitoring techniques and a case study: analysing deformations using GPS/levelling. ITU, Istanbul, Turkey.
8. Baltiyeva A. A., Shamganova L. S., Sedina S. A., Tulebayev K. K. The choice of rational and effective technical tools when conducting the uniform combined geomonitoring for the open-pit mines. 25th World Mining Congress 2018. Astana, 2018.
9. Steven E. Borron, Kumar Raut. Predicting slope failures using slope-monitoring radar. Arizona, USA. 2016.
10. Brian Klappstein, M. Sc., Gheorghe Bonci, Wayne Maston (2015). Implementation of real time geotechnical monitoring at an open pit mountain coal mine in Western Canada, World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium. Prague (Czech Republic) 7–11 September.
11. Ashkan Vaziri, Larry Moore, Hosam Ali. Monitoring systems for warning impending failures in slopes and open pit mines. Nat Hazards (2010) 55:501–512. DOI 10.1007/s11069-010-9542-5
12. Paolo Mazzanti (2012). Remote monitoring of deformation. An overview of the seven methods described in previous GINs. 24 Geotechnical instrumentation news. December 2012. Available from: www.geotechnicalnews.com [Accessed 25 April, 2019]

Received 11 June 2019